Linux special permission bits

Image: https://pamirwebhost.com/check-linux-file-permissions-with-ls/

SetUID

We can enable files to be run by the permission of the owner of the file. Like when we change password (command passwd). When you run the password command, its being run as root.

$ ls -l /usr/bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 68208 May 28 09:37 /usr/bin/passwd

The s stands for SetUID. When the s is substituted where irregular bit would be, it allows us to run the file with the permissions of the owner of the file.

To enable the SetUID bit:

$ sudo chmod u+s file.txt
or
$ sudo chmod 4755 file.txt
$ ls -l test.txt
-rwSrw-r-- 1 taunoerik taunoerik 2952 Sep  1 17:36 test.txt

Passwords are stored on /etc/shadow file.

$ ls -l /etc/shadow
-rw-r----- 1 root shadow 1377 Jul 29 09:15 /etc/shadow

SetGID

You can run a file using group permissions with setgid or set group ID. This allows you to run a file as a member of the file group.

To enable SetGID bit:

$ sudo chmod g+s file.txt
or
$ sudo chmod 2755 file.txt

Sticky Bit

This bit sticks a file or folder down. It makes it so anyone can write to a file or folder, but they can’t actually delete anything. Only the owner of root can delete anything.

Temporary files are stored /tmp. There’s a special permission but at the end here t, this means everyone can add and modify files in the slash tmp directory, but only root or the owner can delete the slash tmp directory.

To enable Sticky Bit:

$ sudo chmod +t test/
or
$ sudo chmod 1755 test/

Getting to the hill

It reminds me of a Medieval Norman castle. They call it Motte. It is a giant mound of earth with a keep, or tower, built on top.

There’s the letter A. Alpha – the beginning.

Ladder to heaven.

This golden flowers looks like a flower family Apiaceae or Umbelliferae or how it would be right to say about them … Some of them are edible (like a Parsley and carrot) but some are toxic (like a giant hogweed).

Aristotle’s Historia animalium

1.

Since the 9th century, Aristotle’s Historia animalium, an orderly description of various creatures, had been available in an Arabic translation, which Michael Scotus translated into Latin in 1220. The decoration of the initials in this manuscript, which Johannes Heynlin purchased in Paris and bequeathed to the Carthusian monastery of Basel, is rich in drolleries. Throughout the volume, there are annotations by various hands.

https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/ubb/F-II-0020

2.

This manuscript was written by Johannes Heynlin during his time in Paris between 1469 and 1471. It contains three “classic works for education”, the (annotated) Bucolics, the Georgics, and the Aeneid by Virgil, as well as a whole series of pseudo-Virgilian works. The volume is finely decorated with figural initials from a Parisian studio with scenes from Virgil’s works. The manuscript was probably bound in Basel, perhaps at the instigation of the Carthusian monastery, into whose possession it came when Heynlin entered the monastery.

https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/ubb/F-III-0003

Why and how

Before and after

The first drawings appear in 2011. I had been drawing them for a year before I started scanning into the computer. The beginning was more experimental and more different kinds of pictures.They were more like a story. Although I didn’t really have a specific story to tell.

Later they transformed into something to express my inner feelings, worries, and thoughts. Like an art therapy or something similar.

Sometimes I know what I want to draw. Other times I just start and will see what happens. There were times when I did several drawings a day. And times when I don’t do any for several weeks.

I have noticed that when I am happy I don’t have to draw.

I try not to do it to please people. I think it’s a trap when you to things to only hear how people say how much they like it.

Picture book NONOLOLO (There is only one copy)

The physical process of making these is very simple: pencil on paper. Sometimes fountain pen. Random ordinary smooth paper. I try to avoid the eraser as much as possible. Then I scan it and digitally manipulate image colour. I use GIMP. All my personal projects I use libre and open-source software.

Book I started in 2014, never finished

https://issuu.com/taunoe/docs/ms_50_pages

Lovely letters

Psalter

produced in the second half of the 9th century, possibly in northern France. Following the Psalms, which were heavily annotated with commentaries in later centuries (mainly the 14th and 15th centuries), the Psalter is followed by the Canticles as well as a fragment of a Litany of the Saints not produced at St. Gallen. The beautifully illuminated initial capital of the first Psalm (Beatus vir) on page 1 is strongly influenced by Irish models.

https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/csg/0015

Collection of liturgical works,

containing texts from the 9th to 12th centuries and an illustration of Pacificus of Verona’s star clock.

https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/csg/0018

The Wolfcoz Psalter

– one of St. Gallen’s earliest examples of illuminated initials of the highest quality.

https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/thumbs/csg/0020